
%%script false --no-raise-error 

# Dead End

%pip install networkx
%pip install matplotlib

import networkx as nx
import matplotlib.pyplot as poll
import random
from networkx.algorithms import bipartite
CHOICES = 7
LAST = 10

choices = list(range(CHOICES))
accounts = [f"{' '*10}ACC {chr(x)}" for x in range(ord('A'), ord('A') + LAST)]

B = nx.Graph()
B.add_nodes_from(choices, bipartite=0)
B.add_nodes_from(accounts, bipartite=1)

# print(choices, accounts)
B.add_edges_from([(random.randint(0, CHOICES-1), acc) for acc in accounts])
pos = dict()
pos.update( (n, (1, LAST - i)) for i, n in enumerate(choices) ) 
pos.update( (n, (2, LAST - i)) for i, n in enumerate(accounts) ) 

# print(pos)
nx.draw_networkx(B, pos=pos, node_size=200)
nx.draw_networkx_nodes(B, pos=pos, nodelist=choices, node_size=300)
poll.axis('off')
poll.show()

@router.method
def submit(choice: abi.Uint8) -> Expr:


num_choices = Int(7)
choice = Bytes(b"\x01") # "Burj Khalifa - Dubai"'s index as bytes
sender_box = App.box_get(Txn.sender())

key_prefix = Bytes(b"option_count_")
choice_key = Concat(key_prefix, choice)
old_key = ScratchVar(TealType.bytes)
submit_expr = Seq(
    Assert(Btoi(choice) < num_choices),
    If(sender_box.hasValue()).Then(
        # clear sender's previous response
        old_key.store(Concat(key_prefix, sender_box.value())),
        App.globalPut(
            old_key.load(),
            App.globalGet(old_key.load()) - Int(1),
        ),
    ),
    App.box_put(Txn.sender(), choice),
    App.globalPut(choice_key, App.globalGet(choice_key) + Int(1)),
)


# WARNING: STUBS ARE FOR ROUTER-ILLUSTRATION PURPOSES ONLY!!!

del_action = OnCompleteAction.call_only(Seq()) 

router = Router(
    name="OpenPollingApp",
    descr="This is a polling application.",
    bare_calls=BareCallActions(delete_application=del_action),
)


approval, clear, json_contract = router.compile_program(version=8)

approval, clear, json_contract = router.compile_program(version=8)


print(json.dumps(json_contract.dictify(), indent=2))

approval, clear, json_contract = router.compile_program(version=8)


print(approval)


%%script false --no-raise-error #pragma version 8
txn NumAppArgs
int 0
==
bnz main_l2
err
main_l2:
txn OnCompletion
int DeleteApplication
==
bnz main_l4
err
main_l4:
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
assert
int 1
return


show.prepare(approval, (2, 5), (7, 11), (13, 19))


show() # custom method showing relevant Teal


@router.method(name="open")
def open_poll() -> Expr:
    """Marks this poll as open."""
    return Seq()

@router.method(name="close")
def close_poll() -> Expr:
    """Marks this poll as closed."""
    return Seq()


approval, clear, json_contract = router.compile_program(version=8)


print(json.dumps(json_contract.dictify(), indent=2))


# print(approval)


%%script false --no-raise-error #pragma version 8
txn NumAppArgs
int 0
==
bnz main_l6
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "open()void"
==
bnz main_l5
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "close()void"
==
bnz main_l4
err
main_l4:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
callsub close_1
int 1
return
main_l5:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
callsub open_0
int 1
return
main_l6:
txn OnCompletion
int DeleteApplication
==
bnz main_l8
err
main_l8:
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
assert
int 1
return

// open
open_0:
retsub

// close
close_1:
retsub


show.prepare(approval, (6, 9), (10, 13), (27, 36), (15, 24), (53, 55), (57, 59))


@router.method
def submit(choice: abi.Uint8) -> Expr:
    """Submit a response to the poll.
    Args:
        choice: The choice made by the sender.
    """
    return Seq()


opts = OptimizeOptions(scratch_slots=True)
approval, clear, json_contract = router.compile_program(version=8, optimize=opts)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------^^^^^^^^^^^^^


print(json.dumps(json_contract.dictify(), indent=2))


%%script false --no-raise-error #{
  "name": "OpenPollingApp",
  "methods": [
    {
      "name": "open",
      "args": [],
      "returns": {
        "type": "void"
      },
      "desc": "Marks this poll as open."
    },
    {
      "name": "close",
      "args": [],
      "returns": {
        "type": "void"
      },
      "desc": "Marks this poll as closed."
    },
    {
      "name": "submit",
      "args": [
        {
          "type": "uint8",
          "name": "choice",
          "desc": "The choice made by the sender."
        }
      ],
      "returns": {
        "type": "void"
      },
      "desc": "Submit a response to the poll."
    }
  ],
  "networks": {},
  "desc": "This is a polling application."
}


show() # lines 20-33 of the JSON contract


%%script false --no-raise-error #pragma version 8
txn NumAppArgs
int 0
==
bnz main_l8
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "open()void"
==
bnz main_l7
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "close()void"
==
bnz main_l6
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "submit(uint8)void"
==
bnz main_l5
err
main_l5:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
txna ApplicationArgs 1
int 0
getbyte
callsub submit_2
int 1
return
main_l6:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
callsub close_1
int 1
return
main_l7:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
callsub open_0
int 1
return
main_l8:
txn OnCompletion
int DeleteApplication
==
bnz main_l10
err
main_l10:
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
assert
int 1
return

// open
open_0:
retsub

// close
close_1:
retsub

// submit
submit_2:
store 0
retsub


show.prepare(approval, (14, 17), (19, 31), (80, 83))


show()


# print(approval)


%%script false --no-raise-error #pragma version 8
txn NumAppArgs
int 0
==
bnz main_l10
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "open()void"
==
bnz main_l9
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "close()void"
==
bnz main_l8
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "submit(uint8)void"
==
bnz main_l7
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "create(string[3],bool)void"
==
bnz main_l6
err
main_l6:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
==
&&
assert
txna ApplicationArgs 1
store 1
txna ApplicationArgs 2
int 0
int 8
*
getbit
store 2
load 1
load 2
callsub create_3
int 1
return
main_l7:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
txna ApplicationArgs 1
int 0
getbyte
callsub submit_2
int 1
return
main_l8:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
callsub close_1
int 1
return
main_l9:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
callsub open_0
int 1
return
main_l10:
txn OnCompletion
int DeleteApplication
==
bnz main_l12
err
main_l12:
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
assert
int 1
return

// open
open_0:
retsub

// close
close_1:
retsub

// submit
submit_2:
store 0
retsub

// create
create_3:
store 4
store 3
retsub


# This example is provided for informational purposes only and has not been audited for security.
import json
from typing import Literal
from pyteal import *


on_delete = Seq(
    Assert(Txn.sender() == Global.creator_address()),
    InnerTxnBuilder.Execute(
        {
            TxnField.type_enum: TxnType.Payment,
            TxnField.close_remainder_to: Txn.sender(),
        }
    ),
)


router = Router(
    name="OpenPollingApp",
    descr="A polling application with no restrictions on who can participate.",
    bare_calls=BareCallActions(
        delete_application=OnCompleteAction.call_only(on_delete)
    ),
)

NUM_OPTIONS = 7

open_key = Bytes(b"open")
resubmit_key = Bytes(b"resubmit")
question_key = Bytes(b"question")
option_name_prefix = b"option_name_"
option_name_keys = [Bytes(option_name_prefix + bytes([i])) for i in range(NUM_OPTIONS)]
option_count_prefix = b"option_count_"
option_count_keys = [
    Bytes(option_count_prefix + bytes([i])) for i in range(NUM_OPTIONS)
]


@router.method(no_op=CallConfig.CREATE)
def create(
    question: abi.String, options: abi.StaticArray[abi.String, Literal[NUM_OPTIONS]], can_resubmit: abi.Bool  # type: ignore[valid-type]
) -> Expr:
    """Create a new polling application.

    Args:
        question: The question this poll is asking.
        options: A list of options for the poll. This list should not contain duplicate entries.
        can_resubmit: Whether this poll allows accounts to change their submissions or not.
    """
    name = abi.make(abi.String)
    return Seq(
        App.globalPut(open_key, Int(0)),
        App.globalPut(resubmit_key, can_resubmit.get()),
        App.globalPut(question_key, question.get()),
        *[
            Seq(
                name.set(options[i]),
                App.globalPut(option_name_keys[i], name.get()),
                App.globalPut(option_count_keys[i], Int(0)),
            )
            for i in range(NUM_OPTIONS)
        ],
    )


@router.method(name="open")
def open_poll() -> Expr:
    """Marks this poll as open.

    This will fail if the poll is already open.

    The poll must be open in order to receive user input.
    """
    return Seq(
        Assert(Not(App.globalGet(open_key))),
        App.globalPut(open_key, Int(1)),
    )


@router.method(name="close")
def close_poll() -> Expr:
    """Marks this poll as closed.

    This will fail if the poll is already closed.
    """
    return Seq(
        Assert(App.globalGet(open_key)),
        App.globalPut(open_key, Int(0)),
    )


@router.method
def submit(choice: abi.Uint8) -> Expr:
    """Submit a response to the poll.

    Submissions can only be received if the poll is open. If the poll is closed, this will fail.

    If a submission has already been made by the sender and the poll allows resubmissions, the
    sender's choice will be updated to the most recent submission. If the poll does not allow
    resubmissions, this action will fail.

    Args:
        choice: The choice made by the sender. This must be an index into the options for this poll.
    """
    new_choice_count_key = ScratchVar(TealType.bytes)
    old_choice_count_key = ScratchVar(TealType.bytes)
    return Seq(
        Assert(choice.get() < Int(NUM_OPTIONS)),
        new_choice_count_key.store(
            SetByte(option_count_keys[0], Int(len(option_count_prefix)), choice.get())
        ),
        sender_box := App.box_get(Txn.sender()),
        If(sender_box.hasValue()).Then(
            # the sender has already submitted a response, so it must be cleared
            Assert(App.globalGet(resubmit_key)),
            old_choice_count_key.store(
                SetByte(
                    option_count_keys[0],
                    Int(len(option_count_prefix)),
                    Btoi(sender_box.value()),
                )
            ),
            App.globalPut(
                old_choice_count_key.load(),
                App.globalGet(old_choice_count_key.load()) - Int(1),
            ),
        ),
        App.box_put(Txn.sender(), choice.encode()),
        App.globalPut(
            new_choice_count_key.load(),
            App.globalGet(new_choice_count_key.load()) + Int(1),
        ),
    )


class PollStatus(abi.NamedTuple):
    question: abi.Field[abi.String]
    can_resubmit: abi.Field[abi.Bool]
    is_open: abi.Field[abi.Bool]
    results: abi.Field[abi.StaticArray[abi.Tuple2[abi.String, abi.Uint64], Literal[NUM_OPTIONS]]]  # type: ignore[valid-type]


@router.method
def status(*, output: PollStatus) -> Expr:
    """Get the status of this poll.

    Returns:
        A tuple containing the following information, in order: the question is poll is asking,
        whether the poll allows resubmission, whether the poll is open, and an array of the poll's
        current results. This array contains one entry per option, and each entry is a tuple of that
        option's value and the number of accounts who have voted for it.
    """
    question = abi.make(abi.String)
    can_resubmit = abi.make(abi.Bool)
    is_open = abi.make(abi.Bool)
    option_name = abi.make(abi.String)
    option_count = abi.make(abi.Uint64)
    partial_results = [
        abi.make(abi.Tuple2[abi.String, abi.Uint64]) for i in range(NUM_OPTIONS)
    ]
    results = abi.make(abi.StaticArray[abi.Tuple2[abi.String, abi.Uint64], Literal[NUM_OPTIONS]])  # type: ignore[valid-type]
    return Seq(
        question.set(App.globalGet(question_key)),
        can_resubmit.set(App.globalGet(resubmit_key)),
        is_open.set(App.globalGet(open_key)),
        *[
            Seq(
                option_name.set(App.globalGet(option_name_keys[i])),
                option_count.set(App.globalGet(option_count_keys[i])),
                partial_results[i].set(option_name, option_count),
            )
            for i in range(NUM_OPTIONS)
        ],
        results.set(partial_results),
        output.set(question, can_resubmit, is_open, results),
    )


show()


approval, clear, json_contract = router.compile_program(version=8, optimize=opts)


# print(json.dumps(json_contract.dictify(), indent=2))


%%script false --no-raise-error # {
  "name": "OpenPollingApp",
  "methods": [
    {
      "name": "create",
      "args": [
        {
          "type": "string[3]",
          "name": "options",
          "desc": "A list of options for the poll. This list should not contain duplicate entries."
        },
        {
          "type": "bool",
          "name": "can_resubmit",
          "desc": "Whether this poll allows accounts to change their submissions or not."
        }
      ],
      "returns": {
        "type": "void"
      },
      "desc": "Create a new polling application."
    },
    {
      "name": "open",
      "args": [],
      "returns": {
        "type": "void"
      },
      "desc": "Marks this poll as open.\nThis will fail if the poll is already open.\nThe poll must be open in order to receive user input."
    },
    {
      "name": "close",
      "args": [],
      "returns": {
        "type": "void"
      },
      "desc": "Marks this poll as closed.\nThis will fail if the poll is already closed."
    },
    {
      "name": "submit",
      "args": [
        {
          "type": "uint8",
          "name": "choice",
          "desc": "The choice made by the sender. This must be an index into the options for this poll."
        }
      ],
      "returns": {
        "type": "void"
      },
      "desc": "Submit a response to the poll.\nSubmissions can only be received if the poll is open. If the poll is closed, this will fail.\nIf a submission has already been made by the sender and the poll allows resubmissions, the sender's choice will be updated to the most recent submission. If the poll does not allow resubmissions, this action will fail."
    },
    {
      "name": "status",
      "args": [],
      "returns": {
        "type": "(bool,bool,(string,uint64)[3])",
        "desc": "A tuple containing the following information, in order: whether the poll allows resubmission, whether the poll is open, and an array of the poll's current results. This array contains one entry per option, and each entry is a tuple of that option's value and the number of accounts who have voted for it."
      },
      "desc": "Get the status of this poll."
    }
  ],
  "networks": {},
  "desc": "A polling application with no restrictions on who can participate."
}


show()


# print(approval)


%%script false --no-raise-error #pragma version 8
txn NumAppArgs
int 0
==
bnz main_l12
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "create(string[3],bool)void"
==
bnz main_l11
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "open()void"
==
bnz main_l10
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "close()void"
==
bnz main_l9
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "submit(uint8)void"
==
bnz main_l8
txna ApplicationArgs 0
method "status()(bool,bool,(string,uint64)[3])"
==
bnz main_l7
err
main_l7:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
callsub status_4
store 2
byte 0x151f7c75
load 2
concat
log
int 1
return
main_l8:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
txna ApplicationArgs 1
int 0
getbyte
callsub submit_3
int 1
return
main_l9:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
callsub close_2
int 1
return
main_l10:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
&&
assert
callsub open_1
int 1
return
main_l11:
txn OnCompletion
int NoOp
==
txn ApplicationID
int 0
==
&&
assert
txna ApplicationArgs 1
store 0
txna ApplicationArgs 2
int 0
int 8
*
getbit
store 1
load 0
load 1
callsub create_0
int 1
return
main_l12:
txn OnCompletion
int DeleteApplication
==
bnz main_l14
err
main_l14:
txn ApplicationID
int 0
!=
assert
txn Sender
global CreatorAddress
==
assert
int 1
return

// create
create_0:
store 20
store 19
byte 0x6f70656e
int 0
app_global_put
byte 0x72657375626d6974
load 20
app_global_put
load 19
load 19
int 2
int 0
*
extract_uint16
int 0
int 1
+
int 3
==
bnz create_0_l8
load 19
int 2
int 0
*
int 2
+
extract_uint16
create_0_l2:
substring3
store 21
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f6e616d655f00
load 21
extract 2 0
app_global_put
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f636f756e745f00
int 0
app_global_put
load 19
load 19
int 2
int 1
*
extract_uint16
int 1
int 1
+
int 3
==
bnz create_0_l7
load 19
int 2
int 1
*
int 2
+
extract_uint16
create_0_l4:
substring3
store 21
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f6e616d655f01
load 21
extract 2 0
app_global_put
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f636f756e745f01
int 0
app_global_put
load 19
load 19
int 2
int 2
*
extract_uint16
int 2
int 1
+
int 3
==
bnz create_0_l6
load 19
int 2
int 2
*
int 2
+
extract_uint16
b create_0_l9
create_0_l6:
load 19
len
b create_0_l9
create_0_l7:
load 19
len
b create_0_l4
create_0_l8:
load 19
len
b create_0_l2
create_0_l9:
substring3
store 21
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f6e616d655f02
load 21
extract 2 0
app_global_put
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f636f756e745f02
int 0
app_global_put
retsub

// open
open_1:
byte 0x6f70656e
app_global_get
!
assert
byte 0x6f70656e
int 1
app_global_put
retsub

// close
close_2:
byte 0x6f70656e
app_global_get
assert
byte 0x6f70656e
int 0
app_global_put
retsub

// submit
submit_3:
store 22
load 22
int 3
<
assert
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f636f756e745f00
int 13
load 22
setbyte
store 23
txn Sender
box_get
store 26
store 25
load 26
bz submit_3_l2
byte 0x72657375626d6974
app_global_get
assert
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f636f756e745f00
int 13
load 25
btoi
setbyte
store 24
load 24
load 24
app_global_get
int 1
-
app_global_put
submit_3_l2:
txn Sender
byte 0x00
int 0
load 22
setbyte
box_put
load 23
load 23
app_global_get
int 1
+
app_global_put
retsub

// status
status_4:
byte 0x72657375626d6974
app_global_get
!
!
store 3
byte 0x6f70656e
app_global_get
!
!
store 4
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f6e616d655f00
app_global_get
store 5
load 5
len
itob
extract 6 0
load 5
concat
store 5
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f636f756e745f00
app_global_get
store 6
load 5
store 11
int 10
itob
extract 6 0
load 6
itob
concat
load 11
concat
store 7
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f6e616d655f01
app_global_get
store 5
load 5
len
itob
extract 6 0
load 5
concat
store 5
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f636f756e745f01
app_global_get
store 6
load 5
store 12
int 10
itob
extract 6 0
load 6
itob
concat
load 12
concat
store 8
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f6e616d655f02
app_global_get
store 5
load 5
len
itob
extract 6 0
load 5
concat
store 5
byte 0x6f7074696f6e5f636f756e745f02
app_global_get
store 6
load 5
store 13
int 10
itob
extract 6 0
load 6
itob
concat
load 13
concat
store 9
load 7
store 17
load 17
store 16
int 6
store 14
load 14
load 17
len
+
store 15
load 15
int 65536
<
assert
load 14
itob
extract 6 0
load 8
store 17
load 16
load 17
concat
store 16
load 15
store 14
load 14
load 17
len
+
store 15
load 15
int 65536
<
assert
load 14
itob
extract 6 0
concat
load 9
store 17
load 16
load 17
concat
store 16
load 15
store 14
load 14
itob
extract 6 0
concat
load 16
concat
store 10
byte 0x00
int 0
load 3
setbit
int 1
load 4
setbit
load 10
store 18
int 3
itob
extract 6 0
concat
load 18
concat
retsub


show()

Property	Global Storage	Local Storage	Box Storage
Max(\|key\| + \|value\|)	128 bytes	128 bytes	32,832 bytes
Max storage	64 pairs or 8 KB	16 pairs or 2 KB	$\infty$
On-Chain Visibility	Public	Public	Private: boxes only visible to their app
Best Case MBR^*	0.40 Algo/KB	0.40 Algo/KB	0.41 Algo/KB
Account for MBR	Creator Account	Opt-In Account	App Account
When App is Deleted	Automatically erased	same as Global	Forever lost on chain^**
External Ref in Txn	None	None	Box reference required

Value	Name	Description
0	NoOp	Execute `ApprovalProgram` only
1	OptIn	Allocate local state and execute `ApprovalProgram`
2	CloseOut	Execute `ApprovalProgram` and clear local state
3	ClearState	Execute `ClearStateProgram` and clear locals (even if rejects)
4	UpdateApplication	Execute `ApprovalProgram` and update programs
5	DeleteApplication	Execute `ApprovalProgram` and delete the app

PyTeal Type	ARC-4 Type	Dynamic / Static	Description
`abi.Uint8`	`uint8`	Static	An 8-bit unsigned integer
`abi.StaticArray[T,N]`	`T[N]`	IFF `T` is	A fixed-length array with N elements
`abi.String`	`string`	Dynamic	Variable-length byte array

New in PyTeal: Boxes and ABI-Compatible Smart Contracts¶

Learn how to utilize unlimited global storage and ABI-compatibility in PyTeal, Algorand’s library for writing smart contracts in Python.¶

Agenda¶

I. Algorand's PyTeal¶

II. Application Boxes in PyTeal¶

III. PyTeal's ABI-Router: Building an ARC-4 Application¶

IV. Demo¶

V. Questions¶

.

Links¶

.

Algorand's PyTeal¶

.

Algorand dApp Layers¶

PyTeal: Boxes and ABI-Compatible Smart Contracts¶

Polling App¶

Favorite Tall Building?¶

1. Empire State - New York¶

2. Burj Khalifa - Dubai¶

3. Abraj Al-Bait - Mecca¶

4. Taipei 101 - Taipei¶

5. Shanghai Tower - Shanghai¶

6. Merdeka 118 - Kuala Lumpur¶

7. Other¶

.

Let's Take a Poll On Chain¶

.

Poll administrator can:¶

create and delete the poll application¶

open and close a poll for voting¶

Anyone can:¶

submit a choice¶

get the poll status¶

.

Example¶

submit choice Burj Khalifa - Dubai¶

After 100 submissions¶

status =¶

.

Problem: We don't want any account to have more influence than other accounts¶

OK: Toma¶

submit choice Taipei 101 - Taipei¶

END-RESULT: ✅ Taipei += 1 ✅¶

.

OK: Sally¶

a. submit choice Taipei 101 - Taipei¶

b. change mind and re-submit choice Shanghai Tower - Shanghai¶

END-RESULT: ✅ Shanghai += 1 ✅¶

.

NOT OK: Maryam¶

a. submit choice for Merdeka 118 - Kuala Lumpur¶

b. submit ADDITIONAL choice for Merdeka 118¶

. . .¶

z. submit ADDITIONAL choice for Merdeka 118¶

END-RESULT: ❌ Merdeka += 26 ❌¶

.

ENFORCE: accounts contribute $\leq$ 1 choice¶

.

Each account only contributes to $\leq$ 1 choice¶

HOW ?¶

Can we store each account in global storage?¶

Yes, BUT limited to 8KB which is only 256 accounts (if not compressing)¶

.

HOW ?¶

Can we keep track of an account's vote in local storage?¶

Yes, BUT requires opt in¶

clear state forcibly erases submission record¶

.

Anything else we could do?¶

UNLIMITED assets¶

hack a new asset for each account that submits¶

complicated, error prone, expensive¶

.

SOLUTION ¶

.

Application Boxes in PyTeal¶

.

App.box_get() and App.box_put()¶

.

PyTeal App.box_*() API¶

I. Algorand's PyTeal ¶

II. Application Boxes in PyTeal ¶

III. PyTeal's ABI-Router: Building an ARC-4 Application ¶

IV. Demo ¶

`create` and `delete` the poll application¶

`open` and `close` a poll for voting¶

`submit` a choice¶

get the poll `status`¶

`submit` choice Burj Khalifa - Dubai¶

`status` =¶

`submit` choice Taipei 101 - Taipei¶

END-RESULT: ✅ `Taipei += 1` ✅¶

a. `submit` choice Taipei 101 - Taipei¶

b. change mind and re-`submit` choice Shanghai Tower - Shanghai¶

END-RESULT: ✅ `Shanghai += 1` ✅¶

a. `submit` choice for Merdeka 118 - Kuala Lumpur¶

b. `submit` ADDITIONAL choice for Merdeka 118¶

z. `submit` ADDITIONAL choice for Merdeka 118¶

END-RESULT: ❌ `Merdeka += 26` ❌¶

Yes, BUT requires `opt in`¶

`clear state` forcibly erases submission record¶

`App.box_get()` and `App.box_put()`¶

PyTeal `App.box_*()` API¶

`App.box_create(name, size)`- boxes of size $\leq$ 4KB¶

`App.box_length(name)` - opcode `box_len`¶

`App.box_delete(name)` - opcode `box_del`¶

`App.box_replace(name, idx, L)` - set part of box¶

`App.box_extract(name, idx, L)` - get part of box¶

`App.box_put(name, value)` - set contents (may create)¶

`App.box_get(name)` - get everything (fail if size > 4KB)¶

^* Approximation with optimized usage¶

^** Best practice requires making app deletion contingent on prior box cleanup¶

`methods` - allow interacting with Poll App¶

* `create` - called only during app creation and only by administrator¶

* `open` - called only by administrator¶

* `close` - called only by administrator¶

* `submit`¶

* `status`¶

(didn't include `delete` for reasons to be explained shortly)¶

Refresher - `OnComplete` Actions for App Transactions¶

Definition: `method`¶

An ABI `method` is a section of code called externally through an application transaction whose first argument is the method's `selector`¶

Definition: `Bare app call action`¶

An ABI `bare app call` is an application transaction with zero arguments and its associated `action` is the section of code to be executed¶

Definition: the `Router` and its M.O.E. Questions¶

Definition: a `Router` and its M.O.E. Questions¶

PyTeal's `Router` constructs the Teal code necessary to delegate application transactions to either a `bare app call action` or a `method` based on answers to:¶

[M] In a `bare app call`? If not, which `method` selected?¶

[O] Which `OnComplete` is requested?¶

[E] This app already `exists`? (Conversely, being `created`?)¶

`Router` Initialization¶

`JSON` Contract (with no methods)¶

Routing bare app call `delete`¶

Append `methods` to route with `@router.method`¶

Route `open()` and `close()`¶